What is Autism?

Definition

Autism is a neurological disorder that presents from early childhood and affects one’s communication skills, how they form relationship with one another and also how flexible they are in their behavior and thinking skills.  This disorder ranges from mild to severe, depending on the conditions of each individual. There are 5 types of autism, Asperger's Disorder, classical autistic disorder (Kanner's Syndrome), Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Rett's Syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.

Characteristics

Autism/autism spectrum disorder is also characterized by the lack of social and emotional abilities. Children with autism would face difficulties in understanding and interacting with other children. They find it difficult to express their emotions and thoughts, which cause them to be uninterested in forming relationship with others, and only focus on their own. As compared to typical children, children with autism may develop slower in their language skills. Due to their lack of vocabulary, it is hard for them to converse and express themselves through words.  They would also avoid eye contact when communicating with others. Cognitively, they are also not able to think abstractly and find it hard to play pretend. They find it too overwhelming and could not handle when there is a change in routine. They can be very sensitive to noise, lights, smell etc.

Causes

According to research, autism has no definite known cause.  However, there are some risk factors that may cause autism in children.  The scientists have considered the genetics and environmental factors.  From research shown, “Parents who have a child with an ASD have a 2%–18% chance of having a second child who is also affected.” (Autism Spectrum Disorders , 2012)  Things around our environment may also cause autism in children such as exposure to chemicals such as pesticides.  However, till today there is no evident evidence to prove that these are the cause of autism.